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For teachers

8 stations on this tour

1. Paris 1789 — The French Revolution

   Place de la Bastille, Paris. On July 14, 1789, a mob stormed the Bastille fortress. The revolution abolished the monarchy, declared the Rights of Man, and executed Louis XVI by guillotine. The Reign of Terror killed ~40,000. Napoleon seized power in 1799, spreading revolutionary ideals across Europe by force. July 14 remains France's…

2. St. Petersburg 1917 — The Russian Revolution

   Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg. On October 25, 1917, Bolsheviks stormed the Winter Palace and created the world's first communist state. Tsar Nicholas II was executed with his family in 1918. The Civil War (1917–22) killed 7–12 million. The USSR became a nuclear superpower controlling half of Europe until 1991.

3. Havana 1959 — The Cuban Revolution

   Havana, Cuba. On January 1, 1959, Castro's guerrillas overthrew Batista. The revolution triggered the Bay of Pigs (1961), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) — humanity's closest brush with nuclear war — and a US embargo lasting 60+ years. Castro ruled until 2008.

4. Tehran 1979 — The Islamic Revolution

   Azadi Tower, Tehran, Iran. Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the US-backed Shah, creating the world's first Islamic republic. The US embassy hostage crisis (444 days) shattered relations permanently. The Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) killed 1 million. Iran's Revolutionary Guard now controls vast military and economic power.

5. Berlin 1989 — The Fall Of The Wall

   Brandenburg Gate, Berlin. On November 9, 1989, the Wall opened after 28 years. 140+ people died trying to cross. The fall triggered communist collapse across Eastern Europe. Germany reunified October 3, 1990. The USSR dissolved December 26, 1991. The most consequential peaceful revolution in modern history.

6. Tunis 2010 — The Arab Spring

   Avenue Habib Bourguiba, Tunis. Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire on December 17, 2010. His act — spread on social media — toppled Ben Ali in 28 days. The "Arab Spring" spread to Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen. Only Tunisia achieved lasting democracy. Syria descended into civil war (500,000+ dead).

7. Kyiv 2014 — Euromaidan

   Maidan Nezalezhnosti, Kyiv, Ukraine. President Yanukovych rejected the EU under Russian pressure. Hundreds of thousands occupied Maidan for 3 months. Snipers killed 108 protesters. Yanukovych fled. Russia annexed Crimea and launched the 2022 full-scale invasion — the largest war in Europe since 1945.

8. Revolutions — The Pattern

   FROM THE BASTILLE TO THE MAIDAN — mapped. DEATH TOLLS: • French Revolution: ~40,000 • Russian Revolution: 7–12 million • Cuban ? Missile Crisis: near nuclear war • Berlin Wall: 28 years, 140+ deaths • Arab Spring: 4 dictators toppled, 1 democracy • Euromaidan ? full-scale war (2022–) Every revolution follows a pattern: injustice ? spark…

Worksheet — Revolutions — When the People Rose Up