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For teachers

10 stations on this tour

1. Great Pyramid Of Giza — The Last Wonder

   LOCATION: Giza Plateau, Egypt BUILT: ~2560 BC (4,500+ years ago) HEIGHT: 146.6m original (138.5m today) — tallest man-made structure for 3,800 years KEY FACTS: • 2.3 million limestone blocks, each weighing 2.5 tonnes on average • Total weight: 6.1 million tonnes • Base area: 53,000 m² (13 acres) — accurate to within 15mm • Construction…

2. Great Wall Of China — The Longest Structure Ever Built

   LOCATION: Badaling Section, Beijing, China BUILT: 7th century BC – 1644 AD (~2,300 years of construction) LENGTH: 21,196 km (official survey, 2012) — enough to cross the USA 5 times KEY FACTS: • Not one wall but a network of walls, trenches, and natural barriers • The Ming Dynasty sections (1368–1644) are the most iconic and best…

3. Burj Khalifa — The Tallest Building On Earth

   LOCATION: Downtown Dubai, UAE BUILT: 2004–2010 HEIGHT: 828m (2,717 ft) — 163 floors COST: $1.5 billion USD KEY FACTS: • 828m tall — 320m taller than its nearest rival at time of completion • 57 elevators, fastest at 10 m/s (36 km/h) • 12,000 workers on site daily during peak construction • 330,000 m³ of concrete, 39,000 tonnes of steel…

4. Panama Canal — The Shortcut Between Oceans

   LOCATION: Panama (Atlantic to Pacific) BUILT: 1904–1914 (10 years) LENGTH: 82 km COST: $500 million (1914) — equivalent to ~$15 billion today KEY FACTS: • Saves ships a 12,000 km detour around South America • 27,000+ workers died during construction (French + American eras) — mostly from malaria and yellow fever • 3 sets of locks raise…

5. Golden Gate Bridge — The Icon

   LOCATION: San Francisco, California, USA BUILT: 1933–1937 (4 years) SPAN: 2,737m total; 1,280m main span COST: $35 million (1937) — equivalent to ~$780 million today KEY FACTS: • Main towers: 227m tall — taller than a 65-story building • Cable wire: 129,000 km total — enough to circle Earth 3 times • Each main cable: 92cm diameter,…

6. The Colosseum — Arena Of Blood And Glory

   LOCATION: Rome, Italy BUILT: 72–80 AD (8 years) SIZE: 189m × 156m; 48m tall — capacity 50,000–80,000 spectators KEY FACTS: • Largest amphitheater ever built — still the largest standing today • Built by 60,000+ Jewish slaves captured during the Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD) • 80 entrances allowed the entire venue to fill or empty in 15…

7. Gotthard Base Tunnel — Deepest And Longest

   LOCATION: Swiss Alps (Erstfeld to Bodio) BUILT: 1999–2016 (17 years) LENGTH: 57.1 km — longest railway tunnel in the world COST: CHF 12.2 billion (~$13.5 billion) KEY FACTS: • Maximum rock overburden: 2,300m — the deepest traffic tunnel on Earth • Rock temperature at deepest point: 46°C • 28.2 million tonnes of rock excavated —…

8. Masjid Al-Haram — The Holiest Site On Earth

   LOCATION: Mecca, Saudi Arabia EXPANDED: Continuously since 638 AD; latest expansion 2015 (~$100 billion) AREA: 356,000 m² — largest mosque and religious structure on Earth KEY FACTS: • Capacity: 4 million worshippers simultaneously during Hajj • The Kaaba at its center is the most sacred site in Islam — 1.8 billion Muslims face it during…

9. Three Gorges Dam — The Most Powerful Structure

   LOCATION: Yichang, Hubei Province, China BUILT: 1994–2006 (12 years) SIZE: 2,335m long × 185m high COST: $31 billion USD KEY FACTS: • 22,500 MW capacity — largest power station on Earth by installed capacity • Generates ~100 TWh per year — enough to power 60 million households • Reservoir length: 660 km — visible from space • 1.3 million…

10. Greatest Structures — The Legacy Of Builders

    FROM THE PYRAMIDS TO THE SKYSCRAPERS — mapped. RECORDS: • Oldest: Great Pyramid of Giza (4,500+ years) • Tallest: Burj Khalifa (828m) • Longest: Great Wall of China (21,196 km) • Deepest: Gotthard Base Tunnel (2,300m below surface) • Most powerful: Three Gorges Dam (22,500 MW) • Most expensive: Masjid al-Haram expansion ($100+ billion) •…

Worksheet — Greatest Structures of Humanity